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ophis: 1st, 2nd, and 3rd year twigs, arrowwood
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ophis: 1st yr twigs yellow brown, often shorter than terminal buds
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ophis: lateral buds limited to vigorous shoots
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ophis: terminal buds with two pairs opposite scales
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ophis: side view terminal bud
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ophis: spongy white pith of 2nd year twigs turns pale brown in 3rd year
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ophis: clusters of round warts often erupt from older nodes
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ophis: old bug eggs